Surgery
Surgery,
branch of medicine concerned with treatment of diseases,
deformities, and injuries through manual procedures
called operations. Surgery can be used to repair broken
bones, stop uncontrolled bleeding, remove injured or
diseased tissue and organs, and reattach severed limbs.
Exploratory surgery helps physicians diagnose conditions
that cannot be detected by traditional tests. It allows
for examination of internal organs for signs of disease.
People have practiced surgery since ancient times, but
it did not become a respected science until the 19th
century. Increasing knowledge of the human body, the
discovery of anesthesia (a loss of physical sensation
that can be induced with drugs), and the use of germ-free,
or sterile, operating procedures combined to make surgery
a safe and effective method of medical treatment. In
the 20th century advances in technology have helped
the field of surgery grow at a rapid pace.
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